The paper models domestic (internal) and cross-border dynamics of instability through the lens of 'ABM modelling-AfriLand-Rebel'. Notable scholars on Nigerian external relations such as Akinyemi, Aluko, Gambari, Birai etc demonstrated the influence of domestic conditions on the country’s attitude and behaviour to other actors in the international system. To this end, the analysis was done thematically and the results or findings show that the logic and the instrumentality of domestic development linkage theory in foreign policy is virtually lacking in Nigerian foreign policy behaviour. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. impact of Nigeria’s foreign policy in relation with other States. And his supposed fight against terroris, aim is; fight corruption, economic develop, fight against terrorism. 1.6 Theoretical Framework The research is based on the theory of realism. All of these contradicting paradigms affected the British government’s possibilities of conducting atomic foreign policy. Interest, Continuities and Flaws in Nigeria Foreign This work is necessitated on the premise that no state in the modern times can avoid involvement in international affairs, and this involvement must be systematic and based on certain principles. While Africa remains the centre piece of our foreign policy, we cannot operate within a series of concentric circles which now effectively guides our behavior on the African and world scene. Pre Theories And Theories Of Foreign Policy Making Pre Theories And Theories Of Foreign Policy Making by Emmanuel N. Amadife. This was because 2) the role of British officials and, thus, path dependency on previous decisions was greater than has been considered. Safeguarding a nation"s national interest is then the basic aim of a nation"s foreign policy. It is also the analysis problem. Services . But on the other hand, Olusanya and Akindele (1986), Nigeria"s national interests are; the, All figure content in this area was uploaded by Stephen Osaherumwen Idahosa, All content in this area was uploaded by Stephen Osaherumwen Idahosa on Nov 13, 2017, An Analysis of the Nigerian Foreign Policy: A, through the analysis of Ogidan.P. He also argued on some characteristics as not been constituting core or vital elements, they are; defense, preservation and promotion of way of life of Nigerian"s especially its values of democracy, the development of the country"s stance in the comity of nations, particularly in Africa and promoting world peace. Nigeria is an important actor on the African and global stage. It was often the first step toward a formal alliance, but it did not constitute a binding agreement in itself. Margaret Gowing has claimed that Parliament did not have a say or interest in, Amity, an affective as well as pragmatic political relationship, was the primary mechanism of mid-Tudor foreign policy. Nigeria’s foreign policy from 1976 to 1979 placed her in a position that made other African countries to regard her as the “Power of Africa”. Damilola and t, attempting to answer the following question: which are the most influential factors in shaping. The probability for carrying out such acts is very high because Nigeria " s national interest lacks proper codification and documentation. Foreign policy is basically the mirror of domestic policy, but it will be insufficient, this be the only focus on analysis, as the most important factors in this analysis is both domestic and external. A comparative study of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy underObasanjo Military and civilian administration (1976 – … The recent discovered state of t, influence on the country‟s foreign policy at the time. stability and growth Nwankwo (Nwankwo O, 2013). Download in PDF, EPUB, and Mobi Format for read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. 5, issue 2, (October). These however are still u, Africa as the Centre Piece of Nigeria's Foreign Policy, that does not take into consideration the peculiar p, encouragement that further the wheels of this foreign polic. In, to the work of such organizations as the United, in this respect is the domestic environment which acts as the, developed by Charles Hermann in his article „Changing, From the foregoing, the narrative proves that, that each, stressed on word peace, the respect for sovereignty and, Programme. circumstances changed and it became necessary to reevaluate relationships abroad. Mail It found out that the foreign policy initiatives of President Jonathan are focused more than ever before on Nigeria’s domestic priorities especially as captured in the vision 20:2020 document. It was therefore recommended that major reorganization of the Foreign Service such that positions of the Ambassadors and other key positions will no longer be politicized and the government should integrate professional international public relations practitioners in its interaction with the international community in order to effectively boost the global image of the nation. This was especially the case if two parties challenged a consensus in the international community. No. They did not acknowledge any categorical difference between emotive personal friendship and utilitarian public amity. It reflects Aron’s conviction that foreign policy and systemic dynamics must not be separated: he examines (1) theory (focused equally on the unity, means, and goals of foreign policy, as well as international systems, polarity, and war), (2) sociology (the “determinants and constants” of foreign policy), (3) history (focused on the nuclear revolution), and (4) praxeology. It examines the post-Gaddafi Libya and its export of instability in the region. The nature of regimes matters much less than commonly thought: countries, including the United States, should deal with other states based on their foreign policy behavior rather than on whether they are democracies. The Uses and Abuses of Amity in Mid-Tudor Diplomacy, 1542–1560. 4, One of the persistent frustrations for peace and security researchers is the often simplistic approach taken to understanding conflict, peace, security and regional and global relations within and, Is the world destined to suffer endless cycles of conflict and war? The paper adopted a historical approach backed by textual analysis of secondary data which it relied heavily upon and these informed the findings, conclusion and recommendations that followed. The paper holds that there is a mix of internal causes and exogenous factors determining the course of Nigerian foreign policy. The “atomic question” also contributed to a gradual change in the British political culture, affecting in part to parliamentarisation of atomic and foreign affairs. She played the big brother role and pursued the policy of decolonization of African countries. Successive leadership of the country has hidden under the cover of national interest to perpetuate their individual interests. Like every other sovereign country of the world, Nigeria " s national interests have been largely determined and defined by the various leaderships that have over the years ruled the country. “Africa is the Cornerstone of Nigeria’s foreign policy” while the question of African United had become an “article of finth (Jibril, 2004). Which also however connotes the strategy or planned course of action, related to external relations developed by decision makers aimed at achieving specific goals. Vol. Its foreign practitioners and analysts often define Nigerian interests as operating within four concentric circles. In his comment, Dr. Okon Ankpo, the then Minister of External Affairs, said that “Nigeria’s foreign policy was constructed in concentric circles with Africa in the centre.” Secondly, Nigeria lacked the economic infrastructure to use economy as a major instrument of diplomatic engagement. overwhelming success (Ogidan.P. Amity’s flexibility could also limit its effectiveness as a collaborative partnership. London: Macmillian. Nigeria tower far above any other African country. They informed Clement Attlee’s government so that the regime changed its views and pursued secret atomic co-operation for gaining the atomic bomb. Nigeria Foreign Policy, 1960-2011: FiftyOne Years of Conceptual Confusion, Atah Pine. Previous research has presented limited views on British early atomic proliferation in the contexts of domestic policy and Anglo-American relations. The main objective of this paper is to identify the relationship between foreign policy, international image and national transformation using Nigeria as focus from independence to date. Boston University Libraries. The propelling force of a foreign policy of a state it"s the state"s national interest (Ade-Ibijola, Aderemi Opeyemi, 2013). A state For students of foreign policy, the linkage theory is an elementary explanation of how internal factors help in shaping and giving definition to the quality and direction of foreign policy. Nigeria's foreign policy under the Buhari administration was essentially "Afro- centric," and premised on the theory of 'concentric circles" which reoriented national priorities in external relations to questions of the need to maintain good neighborly relations with Niger, Benin, Cameroon, Ghana and Chad. Rather, they asserted that loving friends at once promoted each other’s strategic advantage and growth in virtue. Christopher Hill, The Changing Politics of Foreign Policy, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Click Download for free ebooks. Theories Of US Foreign Policy. Further reading. It does not suggest what the " interests " should be, but argues for intelligible national interest for direction, focus and attention to topmost priorities in the country " s external relations. q•ÙA£Ñ’3É4 ÷\it­‰‚U¦ÄïOVÉj•,6»Þd—œV»Ån-V«S»`\2hԚD­NÔÚE“(õ:Ñh5™R;¿:ê Ïü0ÆÞ%Œ$œÄÔÛ2±ã\e“ƒÁ`0IaÏf¤ÏThµzr&™äž+­^«3S°Êœ˜Ùmii6«Ãa0;lî4‡Õ‘f±¥Ù3íi‰^È%ƒ&½hÑé-ºt‹Ùb1õ³çY© vܜ`âÆÞ%Œ$œÄüÊ:±ã. However, focusing o, Council. The findings also shows that more than external challenges, it is the internal challenges that are dampening Nigeria's attainment of positive international image and national transformation. atomic matters and that everything was ran by the government or the Cabinet or the inner circle of the Cabinet. Mohammad Zaki bin Ahmad. Which, foreign policy became obvious, that it was not anti. As such, Nigerian foreign policy didn"t just start at independence; it dates back to during the times of the Hausa emirates, the Igbo kingdoms, the Benin kingdom and the Oyo empires. in Nigeria‟s foreign policy. This paper thus makes a case for the codification and documentation of Nigeria " s national interest. Yunusa, M.H. January 2013, Vol. The contention of the paper is that effective and proactive foreign policy articulation and implementation have profound effects on international image which could galvanize or impact on national transformation. A study in Nigeria’s foreign policy over time has quite often under scored the potency of its domestic contents. For our purposes, we can consider them the same issue. The next section of the paper accomplishes this analytic move by examining Nigerian foreign policy. It gives a useful balance of analysis on socio-cultural and environmental dynamics which transcend national boundaries, such as the influx and out-flux of refugee flows, insurgency, transnational conflict and crime in the Sahel. Using the decision-making theory © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. research the theory of national interest is a guidepost while content and discourse analysis are employed as method of data analysis. Using the National Interest Theory (NRT) for a historical-descriptive discourse, the underlying issues found include the fact that in the case of Nigeria, as vital as the concept is both to the existence of a nation and as a source for the analysis of foreign policy behaviour of states, national interest has been subject to exploitation. Identifying the welfare of the State and its people as the ultimate goal of foreign policy, it interrogated the relative extent this goal is the driving force of Nigeria’s foreign policy under Jonathan. The paper reserves that foreign policy is very sensitive and delicate to the existence of any state. The study reveals that Nigeria's foreign policy over the years has been greatly sabotaged by inconsistencies and ambiguities. Introduction. A constant feature that has remained central to Nigeria’s foreign policy architecture has been Africa, with preoccupations concerning fighting colonialism, apartheid and the discrimination of black peoples in the African continent and elsewhere in the world. ): Approaches in Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. As the country matured as an independent and sovereign nation, other philosophical principles that became part of Nigeria’s foreign policy fundamentals are enlightened national interest, African solidarity, interdependence, internationalism, asymmetric world order and … Since independence, with Jaja Wachuku as the first Minister for Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, later called External Affairs, Nigerian foreign policy has been characterised by a focus on Africa as a regional power and by attachment to several fundamental principles: African unity and independence; capability to exercise hegemonic influence in the region: peaceful settlement of disputes; non-alignment and non-intentional interference in the internal affairs of other nations… in Business and Social Sciences. outside Africa. Damilola, 201, Thirdly, the term “area boy diplomacy” became famous, Nigeria‟s foreign relations, as was able to, program, which reverse the negative trend that. However, diplomatic relations were established with the coming of colonial officers with such establishments like the consular authority in 1847 and the famous amalgamation of 1914. In other words, national interest becomes different strokes for different folks, depending on how each perceives and wishes it. The study is an assessment of Nigeria’s foreign policy under the administration of President Goodluck Jonathan in relation with ECOWAS. On the basis of what constitute Nigeria"s national interest has however remained a matter of intense argument and disagreement among scholars. This paper builds its argument on the premise that a country " s national interest is pivotal to its foreign policy and national development. This is because Afrocentric foreign policy commitment overwhelmingly overshadows domestic reality. This period is very important as it marked a radical turn in the country’s foreign policy. It can also be seen as a set of principles that define the objective a given state pursues in process of its interactions with other international actors. Navigate; Linked Data; Dashboard; Tools / Extras; Stats; Share . the comity of nation and some major sanction were lifted. comparative foreign policy analysis and more ambitious and effective means of moving beyond the conventional study of Great Power politics to a more global IR. Keywords: Nigeria, National Interest, Foreign Policy, Abacha, Regime. • Rosenau, James 1966: Pre-theories and Theories of Foreign Policy, in R. B. Farrell (Hg. 139 . I claim that 1) in 1945-1946 there were five turning points when the British policy changed quite drastically back and forth. The key question of foreign policy and international relations is how you examine state behaviour. Due to the urgent and important nature of atomic matters, Parliament managed to gain access to them. Noting that challenges still abound in all sectors, the paper makes recommendations aimed at improving Nigeria’s chances of attaining the goals and objectives of Nigeria’s vision. Some of those challenges include leadership crisis, corruption, insurgency and terrorism amongst others. Nigeria Foreign Policy, 1960-2011: FiftyOne Years of Conceptual Confusion // Modern Ghana. The goal of this study is to illustrate the factors which, within one year, led to a change from public, proactive and internationalist policy to a secret, reactive and realist approach. Some people argue that this is a question of international relations theory and others say it is a question of foreign policy theory. A sample size of 399 was derived out of the 348,990 study population using the Taro Yamane. 4) This led to problems in implementing policy 5) The Americans were reluctant to continue the atomic co-operation and seem to have applied “atomic diplomacy” against the British in order to enhance their own position in the post-war world. had to the issue, combined to ensure that the Democrats failed to develop an effective foreign policy platform—particularly when running against a president believed to be so successful in that arena. The paper therefore posits that ensuring future stability in the region would require investments in education, infrastructure, poverty alleviation and good governance initiatives, all of which are critical to addressing the broader causes and spread of insecurity and violent extremism in the Sahel region. The paper holds that there is a mix of internal causes and exogenous factors determining the course of Nigerian foreign policy. This is because, there seems to be a debate as to whether Nigeria’s foreign policy has been consistent or it has been changing. It was mere hype. The chief proponent of this theory is Hans Morgenthau. Jean-Frédéric Morin and Jonathan Paquin, Foreign Policy Analysis: A Toolbox, Palgrave, 2018. most important factors in this analysis is both domestic and external. 3) This did not entirely succeed due to the British parliament’s supervision. Policy // International Journal of Academic Research “a country’s foreign policy revolves around its national interests. The, affirmative action‟s projected vividly the citizen centred. As a result, Nigeria as a colonial state was brought into the diplomatic world not as an independent state. The innermost circle represents Nigeria and its immediate neighbors; the second circle revolves around Nigeria’s relations with its west African neighbors; the third circle focuses on continental African issues; and the fourth circle involves Nigeria’s relations with entities outside Africa. Boko Haram activities in Nigeria have led to negative reactions from groups and nations that have been affected by its activities in the country thereby leading to deterioration of foreign relations of these countries with Nigeria. Can rival nations become partners and establish a lasting and stable peace?How Enemies Become Friendsprovides a bold and innovative account of how nations escape geopolitical competition and replace hostility with friendship. Both the Anglo-American “special relationship” and atomic collaboration were more complex issues than has been presented in previous research. This view has been repeated without any critical evaluation by other historians ever since. Focusing primarily on Stevenson’s advisors, long-standing problems in the Democrats’ strategy on foreign relations, coupled with the emotional attachments that several key advisors, The atomic bomb shaped the post-war world and the relations between Britain and the United States. Its delicateness and sensitivity have made it reactive to different momentary realities. Alao A (2011) Nigeria and the global powers: These conceptualizations are often regime specific and borne out of a psychological hunger to carve a … The study of foreign policy as a rational choice process is undergoing a sea change in its focus and in its impact on policy choices. Moreover, these changes and their causes contributed to the partial failure of the Anglo-American atomic collaboration in 1946. 1.0 Introduction National interest is the condiment that adds taste to the execution and implementation of foreign policy of any state. Gambari, I. It will explain why IR Occasional Paper Series (SAIIA) No, https://www.modernghana.com/news/354264/nigeria, International Image and National Transformation: A. government and politics. interest in nigerian foreign policy: A focus on abacha He considers many historical successes and failures, including the onset of friendship between the United States and Great Britain in the early twentieth century, the Concert of Europe, which preserved peace after 1815 but collapsed following revolutions in 1848, and the remarkably close partnership of the Soviet Union and China in the 1950s, which descended into open rivalry by the 1960s.In a world where conflict among nations seems inescapable,How Enemies Become Friendsoffers critical insights for building lasting peace. President Buhari’s polished chief of staff, Professor Ibrahim Gambari, once made a significant contribution to the theory of Nigeria’s foreign policy. 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