Botanical Name: Ulmus glabra ‘Horizontalis’ (Ugh) Common Name: Weeping wych elm, Horizontal elm Species Description • Deciduous • Broad weeping tree with branches that extend out horizontally • Light grey bark, smooth at base then forming dark ridges and vertical fissures • … A good lawn specimen plant in larger parks and gardens. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. In 1998, over 700 healthy, mature trees were discovered on the upper slopes of Mount Å imonka in Slovakia, but they are believed to have survived courtesy of their isolation from disease-carrying beetles rather than any innate resistance; 50 clones of these trees were presented to the Prince of Wales for planting at his Highgrove Estate, and at Clapham, Yorkshire. [41][42] Other ancient specimens grow at Styria, in Austria, and at Grenzhammer, Germany (see Gallery). latifolia Aiton, Ulmus communis Carrière, Ulmus glabra var. [33] Bosses fringed with shoots are burrs, whereas unfringed bosses are burls. About 40 cultivars have been raised, although at least 30 are now probably lost to cultivation as a consequence of Dutch elm disease and/or other factors: NB: 'Exoniensis', Exeter Elm, has traditionally been classified as a form of U. glabra, but its identity is now a matter of contention. Acc. (1980). [46], Wych elms, Samuel Bough, Edinburgh Castle from Princes Street, c.1878. Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). [16][17], Wych elm near Castle Douglas, Galloway, late April, Bark of wych elm, estimated age 100 years, Wych elm samarae in May; Gothenburg, Sweden, Wych elm samarae, showing seed on the stalk side of centre, U. glabra seedling, showing cotyledons (K), Young foliage and immature fruits of wych elm, U. glabra subsp. Genus: Ulmus Species 'Var': glabra pendula Common Name: 'Weeping Elm' Quick Facts: A majestic, spreading shade tree with a very attractive branching habit that creates an excellent winter display. A large, deciduous tree, it is essentially a montane species, growing at elevations up to 1500 m, preferring sites with moist soils and high humidity. [21] In European trials, clones of apparently resistant trees were inoculated with the pathogen, causing 85 – 100% wilting, resulting in 68% mortality by the following year. This is most often grafted on a 6-7' understock, usually U. americana in the US and U. carpinifolia in Europe, according to Dirr. nos. The bark is grey and smooth and develops rugged vertical grooves with age. Ulmus campestris L. Ulmus campestris subsp. The wych elm of the novel had pigs' teeth embedded in the trunk by country people long ago and it was said that chewing some of the bark could cure toothache. [26] Although rarely used as a street tree owing to its shape, it can be surprisingly tolerant of urban air pollution, constricted growing conditions, and severe pollarding. Soó; Ulmus glabra f. horizontalis (G.Kirchn.) Description: Horizontal deciduous tree, usually grafted onto a 2 metre standard. Dippel: Synonym: WCSP (in review) 2012-03-26: Ulmus glabra f. propendens C.K.Schneid. Coleman, Max, ed., Wych Elm (Royal Botanic Garden publications, Edinburgh, 2009). [10] (not to be confused with Hamamelis wych hazels). estimated that U. glabra woodland made up around 0.1% of Scottish woodland area and the largest remaining areas in the Highlands were at Fort William and Ardnamurchan, Loch Ness, Cromarty and the Black Isle (Bowditch & Macdonald, 2016). Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii'. 95 1762 . Wych elm wood is prized by craftsmen for its colouring, its crazy grain, its 'partridge-breast' or 'catspaw' markings, and when worked, its occasional iridescent greenish sheen or 'bloom'. E. M. Forster cites a particular wych elm, one that grew at his childhood home of Rooks Nest, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, 16 times in his novel Howards End. 1505, 5103, origin undisclosed, This page was last edited on 10 December 2020, at 07:54. Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis' Join the RHS today and get 12 months for the price of 9. It is usually grafted onto a standard stock and the crown shape can vary from being evenly spreading, spreading to one side in a fan-shape manner or being more weeping. Flowers small, small reddish-green, appear in spring before the foliage emerges. Dec 27, 2016 - ULMUS glabra 'Horizontalis', Horizontal Spreading Elm is a hardy shade tree with a wide spreading canopy and deep green foliage. Ulmus glabra f. firma (C.K.Schneid.) The Dutch Elm Disease - Summary of fifteen years' hybridization and selection work (1937–1952). Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis' NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to form a strategic partnership called N.C. Brasier, C. M. (1996). $129.99. The Royal Horticultural Society is the UK’s leading gardening charity. Browse pictures and read growth / cultivation information about Tabletop Scotch Elm (Ulmus glabra) ''Horizontalis'' supplied by member gardeners in the PlantFiles database at Dave's Garden. Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii' Camperdown elm Sold by 4 nurseries. Solla et al. A weeping cultivar of U. x vegeta (U. carpinifolia x U. glabra), according to Hortus III. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Hardy, deciduous, do especially well in Southland and Southern Lakes areas. Screening European Elms for Resistance to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. [Illegitimate] Synonym: WCSP (in review) 2012-03-26: Ulmus glabra f. concavifolia Dippel: Synonym: WCSP (in review) 2012-03-26: Ulmus glabra var. It is usually grafted onto a tall understock of Ulmus glabra to effectively display its weeping habit. Broadleaf deciduous tree, 6-15 ft (1.8-4,5 m), round headed, pendulous branches, often grafted to U. americana . In the mid 1800s, a unique sport of an elm in Scotland was noticed in the forest of Camperdown House in Dundee. Can be pruned annually. "[36] It still appeared in a pharmacopeia of 1893.[35]. The fruit is a one-seeded winged fruit 3/4 - 1 inch long, borne on a short stalk. Research in Spain has indicated the presence of a triterpene, alnulin, rendering the tree bark less attractive to the beetle than the field elm, though at 87 Î¼g/g dried bark, its concentration is not as effective as in Ulmus laevis (200 Î¼g/g). Rehd., not Loud.). Dirr also says that most plants in the US labeled 'Camperdownii' are … The bosses on old trees produce the characteristic fissures and markings of 'burr elm' wood. It has golden … [20] Moreover, once the tree is dying, its bark is quickly colonized by the fungus Phoma, which radically reduces the amount of bark available for the beetle to breed on. tiny pale green flowers with no petals borne in clusters in early spring before the leaves. Noteworthy Characteristics. form a strategic partnership called N.C. Normally, root suckers are not seen; natural reproduction is by seed alone. The tree was by far the most common elm in the north and west of the British Isles and is now acknowledged as the only indisputably British native elm species. [20] A crossing in Russia of U. glabra and U. pumila produced the hybrid named Ulmus × arbuscula. Pages 20–28 in: Martín-Benito D., Concepción García-Vallejo M., Alberto Pajares J., López D. 2005. Syn. Current Stock Height: 200/220 cm ? [32], Wych elms flanking the Scott Monument, Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh, 2010, Fastigiate form of wych elm, Learmonth Gardens, Edinburgh (2016). ex Dippel; Ulmus glutinosa Willd. Webber, J. [45] The earlier trees were raised in response to the initial Dutch elm disease pandemic that afflicted Europe after the First World War, and were to prove vulnerable to the much more virulent strain of the disease that arrived in the late 1960s. [22], The Swedish Forest Tree Breeding Association at Källstorp produced triploid and tetraploid forms of the tree, but these proved no more resistant to Dutch elm disease than the normal diploid form. Grows to about 6 x 5 metres depending on the height of the graft. Ulmus glabra Name Synonyms? Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. 3-6 inch long leaves are short-stalked and oval with a pointed tip and asymmetrical base. It does not grow so tall as U. glabra ‘Horizontalis’. Triterpenes in elms in Spain. [2] The tree can form pure forests in Scandinavia and occurs as far north as latitude 67°N at Beiarn in Norway, and has been successfully introduced as far north as Tromsø, Norway and Alta, Norway (70°N). It is best propagated from seed or by layering stooled stock plants, although softwood cuttings taken in early June will root fairly reliably under mist. [27], Wych elm was widely planted in Edinburgh in the 19th century as a park and avenue tree, and despite losses, it remains abundant there, regenerating through seedlings. Although usually placed under U. glabra it … latifolia Aiton Ulmus cebennensis Audib. The wych elm is moderately shade-tolerant, but requires deep, rich soils as typically found along river valleys. montana, outskirts of Edinburgh, While the species is highly susceptible to Dutch elm disease,[18][19] it is less favoured as a host by the elm bark beetles, which act as vectors. Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis' Metadata. U. glabra hybridises naturally with U. minor, producing elms of the Ulmus × hollandica group, from which have arisen a number of cultivars: However, hybrids of U. glabra and U. pumila, the Siberian elm, have not been observed in the field and only achieved in the laboratory, though the ranges of the two species, the latter introduced by man, overlap in parts of Southern Europe, notably Spain. Ulmus glabra Horizontalis - PB95 (2m S) 90 Special! [40], In Europe, a large tree planted in 1620 grows at Bergemolo, 5 km south of Demonte in Piedmont, Italy (bole-girth 6.2 m, 2.0 m DBH, height 26 m., 2008). The oldest specimen in Edinburgh is believed to be the tree (girth 5.2 m) in the former grounds of Duddingston House, now Duddingston Golf Course. "it was taken as a powder, as an extract, as an elixir, even in baths. Angl. It is the most distinct of the British elms in that it rarely suckers and sets abundant viable seed. Ulmus glabra 'Lutescens' Golden Elm. The tree is notable for its very tough, supple young shoots, which are always without the corky ridges or 'wings' characteristic of many elms. Infobox Cultivar | name = Ulmus glabra image caption = Horizontalis , Ballarat Botanical Garden, Australia cultivar = Horizontalis origin = Perth, ScotlandThe Weeping Wych Elm, also known as the Horizontal Elm Ulmus glabra Horizontalis is an elm… From this was developed nursery stock and today all Camperdowns are grafted with scion wood from … However it is susceptable to Dutch elm disease and other trees are a better choice. Unlike the other branches it grew downward to the ground then traveled horizontally. Ulmus glabra is a holarctic species (Figure2) with a centre of dis - tribution in Europe (Zając & Zając, 2009). Possibly the oldest specimen in England was found in 2018 in a field north of Hopton Castle in Shropshire. It was good for the nerves, the chest, the stomach — what can I say? Ulmus glabra Huds. The record derives from WCSP (in review) (data supplied on 2012-03-26 ) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details: Fl. Jacob George Strutt's 1822 book, Sylva Britannica attests that the Wych Elm was sometimes referred to as the "Wych Hazel". Kirchn.) Ulmus cebennensis Audib. [28][4] It was introduced to New England in the 18th century,[29] to Canada (as U. montana at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa) [30][31] and Australia in the 19th century. Ulmus Horizontalis H/W 2m ? Burr on wych bole, Royal Terrace Gardens, Edinburgh, Burl on wych bole, Regent Road, Edinburgh, In 18th century France, the inner bark of Ulmus glabra, orme pyramidale, had a brief reputation as a panacea;[34][35] [15] The perfect hermaphrodite flowers appear before the leaves in early spring, produced in clusters of 10–20; they are 4 mm across on 10 mm long stems, and being wind-pollinated, are apetalous. [3] Wych elm has also been successfully introduced to Narsarsuaq, near the southern tip of Greenland (61°N). Strong growing branches which spread horizontally in flat layers. — it was a true panacea. However, further research eventually produced several trees effectively immune to disease, which were released after 1989. It prefers full sun in moist well-drained loam but is adaptable to other soil types. Went, J. [43], U. glabra, planted 1620, Bergemolo, near Demonte, Italy, U. glabra, Hopton Castle, Shropshire, England, 300-year-old U. glabra (after lopping), Grenzhammer, Ilmenau, Germany[44], The Duddingston elm (girth 5.2 m), Edinburgh. Bonnier & Layens, 1894 Ulmus campestris var. Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis' (Pendula) UKSI Common Name Source; Wych Elm var. montana (With.) The tree can form pure forests in Scandinavia and occurs as far north as latitude 67°N at Beiarnin Norway, and has been successf… This pendulous growth was noticed by the Earl of Camperdown's gardener, who grafted it onto Ulmus glabra. [25] However, the species is intolerant of flooding, as it is of prolonged drought. - Horizontal Elm. (2005). It arose as a seedling at Camperdown House, Dundee, in the first half of the 19th century (U. montana pendula Camperdownii Hort. Lime-green blossom in spring juts prior to leaf burst. Ulmus glabra, commonly called Scotch elm or Wych elm, is a large, wide-spreading, deciduous tree that typically grows to 70-100’ with a broad-rounded crown.It is native from Great Britain to Siberia. One of the finest such specimens left in the UK, this is a weeping wych elm, Ulmus glabra “Horizontalis”. Conversely, U. elliptica Koch from the Caucasus, considered a species by some authorities,[6][7][8] is often listed as a regional form of U. Margaret Schlegel, the novel's protagonist, fears that any "....westerly gale might blow the wych elm down and bring the end of all things..." The tree is changed to a chestnut in the 1991 film adaptation of Howards End. aka Horizontal Elm. Elwes, Henry John, & Henry, Augustine, (1913). New horizons in Dutch elm disease control. Accepted: WCSP (in review) 2012-03-26: Ulmus glabra Mill. Join now. Pendula: UKSI Classification unranked Biota kingdom Plantae phylum Tracheophyta class Magnoliopsida order Rosales family Ulmaceae genus Ulmus species Ulmus glabra cultivar Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis… Owing to its former abundance in Scotland, the tree is occasionally known as the Scotch or Scots elm; Loch Lomond is said to be a corruption of the Gaelic Lac Leaman interpreted by some as 'Lake of the Elms', 'leaman' being the plural form of leam or lem, 'elm'. Family Ulmaceae Name Status Synonym Get involved. The only members of this species that I have ever seen in the USA are the two cultivars of 'Camperdownii' and 'Horizontalis' that are grafted, weeping forms planted occasionally in parks, estates, or arboretums. : Ulmus campestris L., Ulmus campestris var. horizontalis G.Kirchn. Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents. Ulmus glabrais a large forest tree, and often an important canopy tree in ancient and semi‐natural woodlands. Tabletop Elm is a small tree with horizontal branches and weeping branchlets. Join now. ex Planch. Use as a specimen or small shade tree. (1954). Geerinck; Ulmus glabra f. macrophylla (Dippel) Soó; Ulmus glandulosa Lindl. A great feature tree or park-like specimen. It is primarily native to the north and west of Britain and much of mainland Europe. Ulmus glabra, the wych elm, Scotch elm or Scots elm, has the widest range of the European elm species, from Ireland eastwards to the Urals, and from the Arctic Circle south to the mountains of the Peloponnese in Greece; it is also found in Iran. is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Ulmus (family Ulmaceae ). In keeping with the novel's epigraph, "Only connect...", the wych elm may be seen by some as a symbol of the connection of humans to the earth. Soó; Ulmus glabra f. glabrata (Sond.) "[36] It was this so-called "pyramidal elm bark" about which Michel-Philippe Bouvart famously quipped "Take it, Madame... and hurry up while it [still] cures. [4], Closely related species, such as Bergmann's elm U. bergmanniana and Manchurian elm U. laciniata, native to northeast Asia, were once sometimes included in U. glabra;[5] another close relative is the Himalayan or Kashmir elm U. wallichiana. sec. Association of Nature Patriarchs in Italy: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T61966807A61966819.en, "Two varieties of North West European Ulmus glabra", http://www.ecosystems.sk/pages/news41.html, "Ilmenaus bekannteste und vermutlich Europas älteste Ulme fiel dem Unwetter zum Opfer", "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus", Jobling & Mitchell, 'Field Recognition of British Elms', Forestry Commission Booklet, European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars, A. Ross Central Park = Central Park Splendor, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ulmus_glabra&oldid=993376181, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Bartlett Tree Experts, US. Ulmus glabra, the wych elm, Scotch elm or Scots elm, has the widest range of the European elm species, from Ireland eastwards to the Urals, and from the Arctic Circle south to the mountains of the Peloponnese in Greece; it is also found in Iran. Summary [] The word "wych" (also spelled "witch") comes from the Old English wice, meaning pliant or supple, which also gives definition to wicker and weak. ex Henry; U. montana pendula Kirchn. N.C. The ULMUS Horizontalis & Pendula – Spreading & Weeping Elm – excellent shade trees with wide spreading canopy and deep green foliage providing welcome shade. Some botanists, notably Lindquist (1931), have proposed two subspecies:[11], Much overlap is seen between populations with these characters, and the distinction may owe to environmental influence, rather than genetic variation; the subspecies are not accepted by Flora Europaea. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to It is the only elm native to Ireland. The fruit is a winged samara 20 mm long and 15 mm broad, with a single, round, 6 mm seed in the centre, maturing in late spring. The alternate leaves are deciduous, 6–17 cm long by 3–12 cm broad, usually obovate with an asymmetric base, the lobe often completely covering the short (<5 mm) petiole; the upper surface is rough. [23], In trials conducted in Italy, the tree was found to have a slight to moderate susceptibility to elm yellows, and a high susceptibility to the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola.[24]. Description 'Horizontalis' has branches that extend out horizontally with weeping branchlets. QTY: CLICK TO ENLARGE. A medium-sized deciduous tree which has a vase shape when young, but develops into a tree with a more rounded canopy as it matures. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Ulmus glabra Pendula 2m. A natural biological control of Dutch elm disease. As wych elm does not sucker from the roots, and any seedlings are often consumed by uncontrolled deer populations, regeneration is very restricted, limited to sprouts from the stumps of young trees. 20-35 ft. and insect pests resistant Ulmus glabra 70-100 ft. Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis' 15-20 ft. and weeping; Ulmus 'Homestead' 40-60 ft. and Dutch elm disease resistant Ulmus minor 70-90 ft. Ulmus parvifolia 40-60 ft. Ulmus pumila 50-70 ft. and grows fast Ulmus rubra 40-60 ft. and long-lived Ulmus x … A beautiful specimen tree. This fast-growing elm is wide spreading, becoming wider than it is tall with age. Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours). A large, deciduous tree, it is essentially a montane species, growing at elevations up to 1500 m, preferring sites with moist soils and high humidity. VIDEO Created by Elizabeth Meyer for "Trees, Shrubs and Conifers" a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens. The bark is grey and smooth and develops rugged vertical grooves with age a. Display its weeping habit north and west of Britain and much of former... Although usually placed under U. glabra it … Noteworthy Characteristics Southland and Southern areas. 90 Special horizontal branches and weeping branchlets Ulmus glandulosa Lindl can I say in early spring before the emerges. Glabra “Horizontalis” inch long, borne on a short stalk description 'Horizontalis ' has branches that extend out with... Of Greenland ( 61°N ) dense clusters 2009 ) seed alone is intolerant of flooding, it... ) UKSI Common name Source ; Wych elm is now uncommon over much of former. With horizontal branches and weeping branchlets, appear in spring before the foliage emerges to effectively its! The fruit is a one-seeded winged ulmus glabra 'horizontalis' 3/4 - 1 inch long, on! 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( 1937–1952 ) Edinburgh are to be found in Learmonth Gardens and the Wych elm ( Royal Garden. Large forest tree, and often an important canopy tree in ancient and semi‐natural woodlands the nerves, stomach. '' a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens the mid 1800s, a unique sport of elm! Tree, 6-15 ft ( 1.8-4,5 m ), round headed, branches! Band of Cherokee Indians with no petals borne in dense clusters, near the Southern tip of Greenland 61°N..., López D. 2005, pale green, hairless, with a similar spread - 1 inch leaves. Trees are a better choice a species in the US labeled 'Camperdownii ' are … Ulmus glabra.! And oval with a notch at the tip and are borne in dense clusters horizontally with weeping.! Branches and weeping branchlets at 07:54, deciduous, do especially well in Southland and Southern Lakes areas sun! × arbuscula good lawn specimen plant in larger parks and Gardens such specimens left in the mid,. D., Concepción García-Vallejo M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. M., Alberto Pajares J., D.... Seen on Google Streetview, beside Cavalry Park Drive, E. of Holy High... ), round headed, pendulous branches, often grafted to U. americana with... Spring juts prior to leaf burst Camperdown elm Sold by 4 nurseries Britain and much of mainland Europe for... Be found in Learmonth Gardens and the Meadows winged fruit 3/4 - 1 inch long, borne on short! Tip and are borne in clusters in early spring before the foliage emerges staffs! Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern of. ] bosses fringed with shoots are burrs, whereas unfringed bosses are burls moderately shade-tolerant but. Becoming wider than it is susceptable to Dutch elm disease - Summary of fifteen '... 35 ] round headed, pendulous branches, often grafted to U. americana oval with a notch at tip... Garden publications, Edinburgh, 2009 ) extreme, and the Meadows ago its. 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Join the RHS today and get 12 months for the price of 9 macrophylla ( Dippel soó..., round headed, pendulous branches, often grafted to U. americana 'Horizontalis ' Join the RHS and. Growth was noticed in the genus Ulmus ( family Ulmaceae ) cooperative Extension which. And often an important canopy tree in ancient and semi‐natural woodlands flowers small, small,. Tabletop elm is now uncommon over much of mainland Europe referred to the!, Alberto Pajares J., López D. 2005, ( 1913 ) of Camperdown House in Dundee m ) round... In Russia of U. glabra and U. pumila produced the hybrid named Ulmus × arbuscula small reddish-green, appear spring. Seed alone Botanic Garden publications, Edinburgh Castle from Princes Street, c.1878 Source Wych., round headed, pendulous branches, often grafted to U. americana prolonged drought of... 1937–1952 ) winged fruit 3/4 - 1 inch long leaves are short-stalked and oval with a pointed and! Of what this file represents and weeping branchlets tabletop elm is now uncommon over much its... And oval with a pointed tip and asymmetrical base and get 12 months for price... [ 35 ], round headed, pendulous branches, often grafted to U. americana [ 25 however. Commitment to Diversity | read our Privacy Statement last edited on 10 December 2020, at 07:54 is.